RESUMO
The assessment of bird-based welfare indicators plays an important role in the evaluation of bird welfare. The aim of the study was to histologically validate a visual scoring system for hock burn in broilers and to detect threshold values of a visual score to define welfare-relevant alterations in terms of mild lesions or ulcers of the hock. We collected 200 hocks of 39- to 42-day-old Ross 308 broilers after the slaughter process. Each hock was scored visually ("macro scores" 0-4) and evaluated histologically ("micro scores" 0-3), with high scores representing more severe lesions. Although we found a tendency for higher micro scores with increasing macro scores, an exact allocation of macro to micro scores was not possible. For example, macro score 1 could represent micro scores 1, 2 and 3, whereas macro scores 3 and 4 always represented micro score 3 (ulcer). The conditional probability of certain micro scores for given macro scores was estimated using a multinomial logistic regression model. Ulcer showed the highest probability at macro score 1, whereas mild lesions were not found to have an estimated highest probability at any macro score. The depth of inflammation of hock burn lesions increased with increasing macro scores up to macro score 3 with an average depth of 1019â µm. Visually more severe and deeper lesions were also histologically rated with higher scores. Thus, considering limitations, the herein validated macroscopic assessment scheme for hock burn allows an estimation of histological alterations in hocks of broilers.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Histological validation of a visual assessment scheme for hock burn in broilers.Tendency for higher micro scores with increasing macro scores.Estimation of histological score via macro score possible with limitations.Histological depth of inflammation increased with an increasing macro score.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Dermatite/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/classificação , Tarso Animal/patologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Dermatite/classificação , Dermatite/patologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologiaAssuntos
Arterite/imunologia , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Arterite/diagnóstico , Arterite/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Produtos Biológicos/efeitos adversos , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Tecido Conjuntivo/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Feminino , Arterite de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico , Arterite de Células Gigantes/tratamento farmacológico , Arterite de Células Gigantes/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem Multimodal , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Arterite de Takayasu/diagnóstico , Arterite de Takayasu/tratamento farmacológico , Arterite de Takayasu/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/fisiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BREV (Batterie Rapide d'Evaluation des fonctions cognitives) is a new evaluation test for the screening of cognitive disorders in 4-9-year-old children, based on a neuropsychological process. It is made up of 17 subtests which have been carefully standardized. It is not an intelligence test but a tool for children' health professionals to use as a rapid neuropsychological screening test. It is particularly recommended for any child with a school learning disorder or neurological history with a high risk of cognitive disturbances such as epilepsy. It may also be used as a systematic screening test.
